(2) In comparing the economic development of England and France, the passage shows that:
(a)	England and France were essentially equals until the middle of the nineteenth century.
(b)	France modeled itself on the example of Italy and Spain, while England and modeled itself'on the example of Holland.
(c)	England gained most of its capital reserves from the spoils of war, while France gained its capital reserves from trade.
(d)	England began on an equal base with France in the middle of the eighteenth century , but pulled far ahead by the middle of the nineteenth century.

(3) What reason does the author give for discussing several countries besides England and France?
(a)	Enriching the information provided in the paragraph.
(b)	Balancing the passage in the interest of fairness.
(c)	Simplifying the problem confronted in the passage.
(d)	Eliminating countries whose Golden Age was yet to come.

(4) The passage suggests that generating the first Industrial Revolution required which of the following? I. Raw materials II. Technical skills III. A large population
(a)	I only
(b)	III only
(c)	I and II only
(d)	II and III only

(5) The author asserts that England's primary role in world affairs in the nineteenth century can be explained in large part by:
(a)	the Industrial Revolution getting under way in England first.
(b)	England's overwhelming naval power.
(c)	The decline of Italy, Spain, Holland, and Central and Eastern Europe.
(d)	England's unlimited source of power to fuel its industry.

(6) The passage suggests that one indication of a country's success in industrializing was:
(a)	an educational system that could produce a steady supply of skilled workers.
(b)	an ability to satisfy a large market for necessary, rather than luxury , goods.
(c)	a forest reserve that could be rapidly and efficiently replenished.
(d)	a fluctuating demand for luxury, rather than necessary, goods

(7) According to the passage, France was compared to whipped cream by:
(a)	an unnamed contemporary poet.
(b)	Voltaire.
(c)	Napoleon.
(d)	L. S. Stavrianos.

(8) The main idea of the passage is that:
(a)	certain conditions gave England an advantage over other countries in industrialization.
(b)	with its conquest of Canada in 1763, England controlled the raw materials necessary for industrialization.
(c)	the English preferred quantity in their goods. while thc French demanded quality.
(d)	England's primary position in international affairs gave it the wealth and influence necessary for industrialization.